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Bacopa monnieri is widely recommended in Ayurvedic literature for improving memory and reducing stress. The efficacy of the herb in enhancing cognitive performance has been demonstrated in several experimental and laboratory studies. It could prevent age-related cognitive impairment. In a double blind, placebo controlled clinical study in Portland, Oregon, USA, elderly people, above 65, without a history of dementia, experienced enhanced cognitive performance after taking 300mg of Bacopa monnieri extract for 12 weeks. The herb significantly improved the word recall memory of the elderly participants. In addition, the herb helped to reduce stress and anxiety. Moreover, Bacopa monnieri is well tolerated. (Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B. “Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jul;14(6):707-13). Studies suggest that Bacopa monnieri could even prevent degeneration of neurons, which is a common cause of Alzheimer’s disease. (Uabundit N, Wattanathorn J, Mucimapura S, Ingkaninan K. “Cognitive enhancement and neuroprotective effects of Bacopa monnieri in Alzheimer’s disease model.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 8;127(1):26-31). Bacopa monnieri might even benefit epilepsy patients. Experimental studies suggest that Bacopa monnieri could reduce seizures. It could prevent the adverse effects of recurrent seizure. (Mathew J, Peeyush Kumar T, Khan RS, Paulose CS. “Behavioral deficit and decreases GABA receptor functional regulation in the cerebellum of eplileptic rats.” Epilepsy Behav. 2010 Apr;17(4):441-7).
In Ayurveda, Withania somnifera or Ashwagandha is classified as a Rasayana plant. It rejuvenates the body and improves the quality of life. By preventing neurodegeneration and by improving motor function, Withania somnifera might benefit people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. (RajaSankar S, Manivasagam T, Sankar V, Prakash S, Muthusamy R, Krishnamurty A, Surendran S. “Withania somnifera root extract improves catecholamines and physiological abnormalities seen in a Parkinson’s disease model mouse.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Sep 25;125(3):369-73). The powerful antioxidant effect of withanamides, the principal active components in Withania somnifera, might prevent Alzheimer’s disease. (Jayaprakasam B, Padmanabhan K, Nair MG. “Withanamides in Withania somnifera fruit protect PC-12 cells from beta-amyloid responsible for Alzheimer’s disease.” Phytother Res. 2010 Jun;24(6):859-63). The herb could even aid recovery of severely damaged neurons by enabling regeneration of neuritis and reconstructing synapses. Experimental studies suggest that this property of Ashwagandha might help to prevent and reverse neurodegenerative diseases. (Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Komatsu K. “Neuritic regeneration and synaptic reconstruction induced by withanolide A.” Br J Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;144(7):961-71). The herb is also effective in attenuating chronic stress. (Bhattacharya SK, Muruganandam AV. “Adaptogenic activity of Withania somnifera: an experimental study using a rat model of chronic stress.” Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003 Jun;75(3):547-55).
Acorus calamus possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties. Middle cerebral artery stroke, occurring owing to plague formation in the middle cerebral artery, cause significant neurologic deficit. Studies indicate that treatment with Acorus calamus might help to improve the neurobehavioral performance in people with ischemia. (Shukla PK, Khanna VK, Ali MM, Maurya R, Khan MY, Srimal RC. “Neuroprotective effect of Acorus calamus against middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischaemia in rat.” Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Apr;25(4):187-94). The herb could protect the brain from stress. (Manikandan S, Srikumar R, Jeya Parthasarathy N, Sheela Devi R. “Protective effect of Acorus calamus LINN on free radical scavengers and lipid peroxidation in discrete regions of brain against noise stress exposed rat.” Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Dec;28(12):2327-30).
Glycyrrhiza glabra or licorice could slow down cognitive impairment and enhance memory. It can be beneficial for diabetic patients suffering from dementia. Memory deficit, a major outcome of prolonged elevated blood sugar level, might be reversed with the help of licorice. (Hasanein P. “Glabridin as a major active isoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) reverses learning and memory deficits in diabetic rats.” Acta Physiol Hung. 2011 Jun;98(2):221-30). Experimental studies suggest than glabardin, the principal active component of licorice, might be used for management of Alzheimer’s disease. (Cui YM, Ao MZ, Li W, Yu LJ. “Effect of glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory in mice.” Planta Med. 2008 Mar;74(4):377-80). Glycyrrhiza glabra can also provide relief from depression. (Dhingra D, Sharma A. “Antidepressant-like activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in mouse models of immobility tests.” Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006 May;30(3):449-54).
In Ayurvedic texts, Convolvulus pluricaulis is recommended as a nerve tonic. The neuroprotective effect of the herb has been demonstrated in experimental studies. The herb could protect the brain from toxic substances. Bihagi SW, Sharma M, Singh AP, Tiwari M. “Neuroprotective role of Convolvulus pluricaulis on aluminium induced neurotoxicity in rat brain.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jul 30;124(3):409-15). The herb might help to alleviate depression. (Dhingra D, Valecha R. “Evaluation of the antidepressant-like activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis choisy in the mouse force swim and tail suspension tests.” Med Sci Monit. 2007 Jul;13(7):BR155-61).
The essential oil of Santalum album reduces stress, anxiety and depression. (Setzer WN. “Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy.” Nat Prod Commun. 2009 Sep;4(9):1305-16).
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